The article discusses “System of accountability in Islam. System of accountability in Islam CSS. PDF. Hissabah.”
System Of Accountability in Islam
Firm belief that for our every action and every word spoken we will be held accountable on the Day of Judgement keeps us on right track. Generally a person is held accountable only when he is entrusted with an obligation. In Islam every human being on the Day of Judgement will be asked for his deeds. The Holy Quran says:
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“To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. Whether you show what is within yourselves or conceal it, Allah will bring you to account for it. Then He will forgive whom He wills and punish whom He wills, and Allah is over all things competent.” (Surah Baqarah)
Unlike other religious and philosophical beliefs the system of accountability is completely different in Islam. It has some of the following unique features.
Unlike any other judicial system the process of accountability in Islam is dual in nature. A culprit is held responsible for his wrong doings both in this world and in after life. In this world he is held responsible before public and trialled in court under the jurisdiction of Quran and Sunnah. In after life he is held responsible before Allah Almighty. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) said
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“All of you are shepherds and each one is responsible for his flock. A leader of a people is a shepherd and responsible for them. A man is a shepherd over his family and is responsible for them. A woman is a shepherd over her husband’s house and his children and she is responsible for them. And a servant is a guardian over his master’s property and is responsible for it. So all of you are guardians and are responsible for your charges.” (Bukhari)
One of the most unique and prominent features of Islamic system of accountability is its rule of equality before law. In an Islamic state the Caliph is duty bound to appoint chief judge but once he do so, he remained no more answerable to the Caliph. The Caliph though may in some cases be answerable to the Qazi when summoned. An example that shows how just and impartial the Islamic judiciary must be is when Caliph Ali went to court regarding a piece of armour in the possession of a Jew. As the evidence submitted by Hazrat Ali was apparently insufficient, the judge gave his verdict in favour of the Jew. The Jew was so impressed by the fairness of the Islamic justice system that he immediately returned the armour to Hazrat Ali and embraced Islam.
Islam believes in fair trial. This means court and Qazi should look into matters impartially. Qazi should give verdict according to the teachings of Holy Quran and Sunnah without being influenced by the social, political or economic status of either party. Caliph Umar (RA) once went to a judge for the settlement of a dispute. The judge, on seeing the caliph, rose in his seat as a sign of respect. Hazrat Umar, considering this act as an unforgivable weakness, immediately dismissed him from office.
The Holy Prophet (PBUH) said “It is the plaintiff who should provide the evidence, and the oath is obliged on the one that contests”. Islam has set some conditions for the witness. He should be san and sound minded. Also he must be adult.
The best part of Islamic system of accountability is it creates a self judgement system within every person by which he judges his every action. This keeps him away from wrong doings.
The system of accountability and judgement in Islam is very extensive. The above mentioned characteristics give a rough idea of the whole system.
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