This post explains “United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Kashmir Issue. UN Security Council Resolutions on Kashmir plebiscite. Kashmir Issue and the role of UN. United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Kashmir Issue.”
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United Nations Security Council Resolutions On Kashmir Issue
The Security Council adopted a series of resolutions between 1948 and 1971 aiming to stop fighting, demilitarize Kashmir, and hold a fair plebiscite that would let the people decide their future.
Resolutions of 1948
UNSC Resolution 38
Date of Adoption: 17 January 1948
- Both India and Pakistan should avoid actions that worsen the conflict.
- Each state was asked to work towards calming the situation.
UNSC Resolution 39
Date of Adoption: 20 January 1948
- Set up a three-member United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCMIP).
- Tasked the commission to investigate and report on conditions in Kashmir.
UNSC Resolution 47
Date of Adoption: 21 April 1948
- Expanded the commission from three to five members.
- Ordered the commission to restore peace and prepare for a plebiscite.
- Recommended a three-step plan:
- Pakistan to withdraw all its nationals who entered Kashmir to fight.
- India to reduce its forces to the minimal level needed for law and order.
- Appointment of a UN-nominated plebiscite administrator to oversee a free vote.
After objections, the commission amended these steps on 13 August 1948 to:
- Call for a full cease-fire.
- Ask Pakistan to withdraw completely and India to reduce its forces as much as possible.
- Decide Kashmir’s future in consultation with the commission.
Both parties agreed to a cease-fire effective 1 January 1949.
UNSC Resolution 51
Date of Adoption: 3 June 1948
- Ordered the commission (UNCMIP) to move into Kashmir and carry out its duties as outlined under Resolution 47.
Kashmir Issue Main Points And Its Causes
Resolution of 1950
UNSC Resolution 80
Date of Adoption: 14 March 1950
- Appointed Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz as plebiscite administrator.
- Called for simultaneous, step-by-step demilitarization by India and Pakistan.
- Said northern areas would be run by local authorities under UN supervision.
- Stated the Council would appoint a UN Representative to help with demilitarization.
Kashmir Issue And Role Of United Nations
Resolutions of 1951
UNSC Resolution 91
Date of Adoption: 30 March 1951
- Based on Sir Owen Dixon’s report as UN Representative.
- Identified key issues: how to demilitarize and how to ensure a free, fair plebiscite.
UNSC Resolution 96
Date of Adoption: 10 November 1951
- Based on Frank Graham’s report as UN Representative.
- Noted both sides agreed to pursue peace and honor the cease-fire.
Resolution of 1952
UNSC Resolution 98
Date of Adoption: 23 December 1952
- Urged India and Pakistan to negotiate troop levels under a UN Representative’s guidance.
- Proposed specific troop ceilings for each side by the end of demilitarization:
- Azad Forces: 6,000
- Gilgit and Northern Scouts: 3,500
- Indian Forces: 18,000 soldiers + 6,000 local troops
Resolution Of Kashmir Issue Can Bring Peace And Prosperity In The Region
Resolutions of 1957
UNSC Resolution 122
Date of Adoption: 24 January 1957
- Found that Kashmir’s own assembly proposals did not resolve key points defined in Resolution 91.
UNSC Resolution 123
Date of Adoption: 21 February 1957
- Asked the Council President to visit India and Pakistan, examine suggestions, and report back by 15 April.
UNSC Resolution 126
Date of Adoption: 2 December 1957
- Based on the President’s report.
- Urged both governments to avoid aggravating tensions.
- Invited a UN Representative to revisit the subcontinent and make further recommendations.
Resolutions of 1965
UNSC Resolution 209
Date of Adoption: 4 September 1965
- Ordered an immediate cease-fire and return to positions held before hostilities.
- Called on both sides to cooperate fully with the UN Military Observer Group.
UNSC Resolution 210
Date of Adoption: 6 September 1965
- Reiterated the call for both sides to stop fighting and return to pre-5 August 1965 positions based on the Secretary-General’s report.
UNSC Resolution 211
Date of Adoption: 20 September 1965
- Set 0700 GMT on 22 September for the cease-fire to take effect.
- Again demanded both sides return to their earlier positions.
UNSC Resolution 214
Date of Adoption: 27 September 1965
- Expressed concern that cease-fire requests (Resolutions 209–211) were ignored.
- Renewed call for both parties to honor their commitments.
UNSC Resolution 215
Date of Adoption: 5 November 1965
Demanded India and Pakistan meet with a UN representative to schedule troop withdrawals after cease-fire appeals failed.
Resolutions of 1971
UNSC Resolution 303
Date of Adoption: 6 December 1971
- Noted lack of consensus in the Council, and referred the question to the UN General Assembly.
UNSC Resolution 308
Date of Adoption: 21 December 1971
- Demanded a durable cease-fire in Kashmir.
- Requested international aid for refugee relief and rehabilitation.
Conclusion
Most of these resolutions focused on securing a lasting cease-fire, gradually removing troops, and conducting an impartial plebiscite so that the people of Kashmir could freely choose their political future.
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